Mu rwego rw'ubu rw'ingufu, kubika ingufu ni ingenzi cyane mu kwemeza ko amasoko y'ingufu zisubira ahuzwa neza kandi bikongera ubudahungabana bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Ikoreshwa ryabyo rikubiyemo amashanyarazi akoreshwa, imicungire y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, n'ikoreshwa ry'abakoresha, bigatuma biba ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi. Iyi ngingo igamije gusuzuma no gusuzuma ibiciro, aho iterambere rigeze ubu, n'amahirwe y'ejo hazaza y'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za bateri ya lithiamu-ion.
Isesengura ry'Ibiciro bya Sisitemu zo Kubika Ingufu:
Imiterere y'ibiciro bya sisitemu zo kubika ingufu igizwe ahanini n'ibintu bitanu: modules za bateri, Sisitemu zo gucunga bateri (BMS), kontineri (zirimo sisitemu zo guhindura ingufu), amafaranga yo kubaka no gushyiraho, n'ibindi bikoresho byo gushushanya no gukemura ibibazo. Dufashe urugero rwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ya 3MW/6.88MWh yo mu ruganda rwo mu Ntara ya Zhejiang, modules za bateri zigize 55% by'ikiguzi cyose.
Isesengura rigereranya ikoranabuhanga rya bateri:
Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za lithiamu-iyoni bugizwe n'abatanga ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, abahuza ibikoresho byo hagati, n'abakoresha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hasi. Ibikoresho birimo bateri, Sisitemu zo gucunga ingufu (EMS), Sisitemu zo gucunga bateri (BMS), kugeza kuri Sisitemu zo guhindura ingufu (PCS). Abahuza ibikoresho barimo abahuza ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu n'ibigo by'ubwubatsi, amasoko n'ubwubatsi (EPC). Abakoresha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru barimo gukora amashanyarazi, gucunga imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, ikoreshwa ry'abakoresha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, n'ibigo by'itumanaho/amakuru.
Ingano y'ibiciro bya bateri ya Lithium-ion:
Bateri za Lithium-ion ni zo zigize ingenzi mu kubika ingufu za elegitoroniki. Muri iki gihe, isoko ritanga ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye rya bateri nka lithium-ion, lead-carbon, flow bateri, na sodium-ion, buri imwe ifite igihe cyo gusubiza, ubushobozi bwo gusohora, hamwe n'ibyiza n'ibibi byayo.
Amafaranga akoreshwa mu kubika bateri ni igice kinini cy’amafaranga akoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za elegitoroniki, agera kuri 67%. Andi mafaranga akoreshwa arimo inverters zo kubika ingufu (10%), sisitemu zo gucunga bateri (9%), na sisitemu zo gucunga ingufu (2%). Mu rwego rw’ikiguzi cya bateri ya lithiamu-iyoni, ibikoresho bya cathode byishyura igice kinini cya 40%, gikurikirwa n’ibikoresho bya anode (19%), electrolyte (11%), na separator (8%).
Ingendo n'imbogamizi biriho ubu:
Ikiguzi cya bateri zo kubika ingufu cyagaragaye ko cyagabanutse bitewe n’igabanuka ry’ibiciro bya karubone ya lithium kuva mu 2023. Gukoresha bateri za fosfeti ya lithium mu bubiko bw’ingufu mu gihugu byarushijeho kugabanya ikiguzi. Ibikoresho bitandukanye nka cathode na anode, separator, electrolyte, current collector, structural components, n’ibindi byahindutse kubera izi mpamvu.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, isoko ry’ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu ryavuye ku buke bw’ibikoresho rijya ku isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byinshi, birushaho gukaza umurego. Abitabiriye baturutse mu nzego zitandukanye, harimo abakora ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu, amasosiyete akoresha ingufu zituruka kuri fotovoltaic, amasosiyete mashya yo kubika ingufu, n’abahoze ari abahanga mu nganda, binjiye mu rugamba. Uku kwiyongera kw’ibikoresho, hamwe n’ubushobozi bw’abakinnyi basanzwe, bitera ibyago byo kuvugurura isoko.
Umwanzuro:
Nubwo hari imbogamizi zishingiye ku gukwirakwiza ingufu nyinshi no guhangana cyane, isoko ry’ingufu rikomeje kwaguka vuba. Rifatwa nk’iry’agaciro ka miliyari z’amadolari, ritanga amahirwe menshi yo gukura, cyane cyane hagati yo guteza imbere politiki z’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa ndetse n’inganda n’ubucuruzi by’Ubushinwa. Ariko, muri iki cyiciro cy’irushanwa rikabije ry’ingufu n’iry’uburemere, abakiriya bo hasi bazasaba amahame meza yo kubika ingufu. Abashya bagomba gushyiraho inzitizi mu ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere ubushobozi bw’ibanze kugira ngo batere imbere muri iki gihe gihinduka.
Muri make, isoko ry’Ubushinwa rya bateri za lithiamu-iyoni n’izibika ingufu rifite imbogamizi nyinshi n’amahirwe menshi. Gusobanukirwa ibiciro, ikoranabuhanga, n’imiterere y’isoko ni ngombwa ku bigo bigerageza kugaragaza uruhare runini muri uru rwego rutera imbere vuba.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Gicurasi-11-2024
