Mu gihe habayeho impinduka mu ihindagurika ry’ingufu ku isi no kwiyongera kw’ingufu, bateri zo kubika ingufu zavuye ku "bikoresho by'inyongera" zijya ku "bikoresho by'ingenzi" by'ingufu, zinjira mu buryo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ingufu zifite imbaraga zidasanzwe. Hasi hari incamake y’agaciro kazo k’ingenzi.
I. Ibyiza 5 by'ingenzi (Amakuru y'ingenzi arimo)
1. Ingufu nyinshi n'ubuzima bw'igihe kirekire
- Ubucucike: Bateri za lithium iron phosphate (LFP) zikoreshwa cyane: 150-200Wh/kg; bateri za lithium ternary: zirenga 250Wh/kg (bateri yo mu rugo ya 10kWh ikwiranye n'agasanduku gato k'imyenda).
- Igihe cy'ubuzima: Bateri za LFP zitanga uruziga rurenga 5,000 (≥80% by'ubushobozi bwo kubika, zishobora gukoreshwa imyaka 13+ ku ruziga 1 ku munsi); bateri zo mu nganda zishobora kurenza uruziga 10,000 (urugero, sisitemu y'uruganda rwa 2MWh yakoraga imyaka 8, uruziga rurenga 2,900, igifite ubushobozi bwa 85%).
2. Guhindura ubushyuhe mu buryo bwagutse
- Intera yo gukora: -30℃ kugeza 60℃.
- Ubwoko bw'ubushyuhe buke bugumana ubushobozi bwa ≥80% kuri -20℃ (bukoreshwa muri Siberiya ku ngufu zo mu rugo -35℃); ubwoko bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi bukora neza kuri 60℃ (bukoreshwa mu butayu bwo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati ku bushyuhe bwa 55℃ bwo mu kibaya cy'impeshyi).
3. Umutekano mwinshi
- Uburinzi butatu: Ibikoresho (ubushyuhe bwa LFP bwo kubora ubushyuhe: 800℃ ugereranije na 200℃ kuri lithiyumu ya ternary) → Imiterere (uturemangingo tw'ubuki + imbogamizi z'umuriro) → Sisitemu (BMS itangira kuzimya umuriro muri 0.1s ku bintu bidasobanutse neza).
- Imibare yo mu 2024: Igipimo cy’impanuka z’inkongi z’umuriro mu ngo = 0.003% (munsi cyane y’impuzandengo y’isi).
4. Uburyo bwo kugabanya ikiguzi mu bukungu
- Igabanuka ry'ikiguzi: Hejuru ya 60% mu myaka 5; Igiciro cya LFP cya 2024: < RMB 0.6/Wh (10kWh system yo mu rugo: ≤ RMB 15,000).
- Inyishyu: Ingo z’Abadage (zifite ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba): imyaka 5-7 (€ 800-1.200 ku mwaka mu kuzigama); abakoresha inganda (sisitemu ya 1MWh): ~ imyaka 4 (RMB 150.000-200.000 ku mwaka inyungu ituruka ku ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba).
5. Icyatsi kibisi n'ishobora kongera gukoreshwa
- Ihindura ingufu z'izuba/umuyaga mu buryo buhoraho ikaba ingufu zihamye; igipimo cyo kugarura ibikoresho bya batiri ya LFP: >95%, lithiyumu ya ternari: >90%.
- Ingano y’ingufu zakoreshejwe mu 2024 ku isi: 12GWh (ingana na toni 150.000 za karuboni), hakurikijwe amabwiriza mashya ya EU agenga bateri n’intego z’Ubushinwa za “Dual Carbon”.
II. Ibintu 4 by'ingenzi birebana n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa
1. Urugo: Kwiyishyurira + Guhura n'ibibazo byihutirwa
- Kwikoresha: Inzu ya Zhejiang ifite ingufu z'izuba za 5kW + batiri ya 10kWh yagabanyijwe ikoreshwa buri mwaka kuva kuri 2,800kWh kugeza kuri 800kWh (yabitswe >RMB 1,500).
- Gusubiza inyuma: Imvura yaguye mu Burayi mu 2024: ingo zifite batiri zagize ingaruka ku masaha 2 ugereranyije n'amasaha 18 zitagize ingaruka ku mazi.
2. Inganda n'Ubucuruzi: Kugabanya Ikiguzi + Gukurikiza Amategeko
- Arbitrage y’imvura yo mu kibaya cy’isonga: Sisitemu y’uruganda rwa Guangdong ya 2MWh yinjije >RMB 5,000 ku munsi (yazigamye RMB miliyoni 1.8 ku mwaka).
- Gucunga ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi: Sisitemu ya 1.5MWh yo muri Shanghai mall yagabanyije ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi ntarengwa kuva kuri 8.000kW kugera kuri 6.500kW (yazigamye >RMB 120.000 ku kwezi mu mafaranga y’ibanze).
- Ingufu zo kubika amakuru: Zisimbura UPS ku bigo by'amakuru/ibitaro (umuvuduko wo guhindura amakuru <0.05s, igihe kirekire cyo gukora).
3. Uruhande rw'urukuta: Gusukamo imisatsi yo hejuru + Guhuza bishobora kongera gukoreshwa
- Igenzura ry’ingufu: Sisitemu ya Qinghai Grid ya 1.2GWh yagabanyije ihindagurika ry’ibiciro kuva kuri ± 15% kugeza kuri ± 5% (2024).
- Uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha ingufu: Bateri ya 500MWh yo mu murima w’umuyaga wa Gansu yagabanyije igipimo cyo kugabanya ingufu kuva kuri 18% kugeza kuri 3% (yongereweho 200M kWh ku mwaka).
4. Igendanwa yo hanze: Ingufu zigendanwa + Ubutabazi
- Gukambika: Amatara/firigo by'amashanyarazi bya 500Wh-2kWh (amwe ashyigikira gusharija imirasire y'izuba).
- Ubutabazi: Imodoka zigendanwa za 100kWh-1MWh zakoresheje imbaraga mu gufasha umutingito wo mu 2024 muri Turukiya mu gihe cy'amasaha arenga 5,000.
- Amamashini akoreshwa hanze y’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi: Asimbura moteri zikoresha mazutu mu birombe/ibikomoka kuri peteroli (agabanya urusaku/umwanda).
III. Umwanzuro: Guhuza Inyungu n'Ibihe
- Ingo zishyira imbere umutekano + ubutabazi bwihutirwa (uduce duto, tworoshye gushyiramo).
- Abakoresha inganda bibanda ku kiguzi + imikorere myiza (ibisubizo bitanga ubushobozi bwinshi kandi biramba).
- Imiterere y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi/inyuma ikenera gutuza + kwihutisha (bateri zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi zizewe cyane).
Hamwe no kuzamuka kwa batiri ya solid-state/sodium-ion, ububiko bw'ingufu buzakwirakwira kugera ku bubiko bwo mu mazi no guhuza hydrogen. Ku bakoresha, guhuza ibyiza n'ibikenewe mu bihe runaka ni ingenzi mu kugaragaza agaciro kayo.
Muri Ulipower, twibanda ku bateri zo kubika ingufu zikoresha ubushyuhe buke—zijyanye n'akamaro k'ingenzi k'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu “bushobora guhinduka mu bushyuhe bwinshi”. Waba ukeneye:
- Bateri za LiFePO₄ zo mu gakapu/prismatic zo mu turere dukonje: Zakozwe neza kugira ngo zikore neza kuri -30℃ ~ 60℃, zigumana ubushobozi bwa ≥80% kuri -20℃—zikwiriye cyane mu kubika ibikoresho byo mu rugo byo muri Siberia, amashanyarazi yo hanze yo mu bushyuhe bwinshi, cyangwa se mu rwego rwo gukonjesha mu nganda.
- Ibisobanuro byihariye: Ubushobozi kuva kuri 1Ah (ububiko bwo hanze bushobora kwimurwa) kugeza kuri 100Ah+ (uburyo buto kugeza ku buciriritse bw'inganda/ubucuruzi), bujyanye n'ibyo ukeneye by'amashanyarazi (urugero, ibikoresho byo mu rugo bya 10kWh cyangwa ububiko bw'inyongera ku ruhande rukonje).
Bateri zacu zikoresha imbaraga za LiFePO₄—umutekano wo hejuru (800℃ ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe), ubuzima bw'ingendo zirenga 5,000—kugira ngo zimere neza mu bihe bikomeye, zikoresha amashanyarazi yo mu bwoko bwa EV mu gace gakonje, ububiko bwo hanze butari kuri gridi, ndetse n'uburyo bwo gukonjesha inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 12 Nzeri 2025
