Ku ya 26 Nyakanga, Guverinoma y’Ubudage yashyizeho verisiyo nshya y’Ingamba z’Igihugu z’Ingufu za Hydrogen, yizeye kwihutisha iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubudage mu bijyanye na Hydrogen kugira ngo buyifashe kugera ku ntego yayo yo mu 2045 yo kutagira aho ibogamira mu mihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ubudage buri gushaka kwagura uburyo bwo kwishingikiriza kuri hydrogen nk'isoko y'ingufu z'ejo hazaza kugira ngo bigabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka mu nganda zihumanya ikirere cyane nk'ibyuma n'ibinyabutabire, no kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bikomoka kuri peteroli bitumizwa mu mahanga. Hashize imyaka itatu, muri Kamena 2020, Ubudage bwasohoye ingamba zabwo ku rwego rw'igihugu zo gukoresha ingufu za hydrogen ku nshuro ya mbere.
Intego y'icyatsi kibisi ya hydrogen yikubye kabiri
Uburyo bushya bwo gutangaza ingamba ni ubundi buryo bushya bwo kuvugurura ingamba z’ibanze, cyane cyane iterambere ryihuta ry’ubukungu bwa hydrogen, inzego zose zizagira uburenganzira bungana ku isoko rya hydrogen, hitabwaho hydrogen yose irwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere, kwihutisha kwagura ibikorwa remezo bya hydrogen, ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Iterambere ryinshi, nibindi, kugira ngo haterweho urwego rw’ibikorwa byo gukora ingufu za hydrogen, ubwikorezi, ikoreshwa n’amasoko.
Hydrogen y’icyatsi kibisi, ikorwa binyuze mu ngufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa nk’izuba n’umuyaga, ni inkingi y’ishingiro y’imigambi y’Ubudage yo kwikuramo ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu gihe kizaza. Ugereranyije n’intego yatanzwe mu myaka itatu ishize, guverinoma y’Ubudage yakubye kabiri intego y’ubushobozi bwo gukora hydrogen y’icyatsi kibisi muri gahunda nshya. Iyi ngamba ivuga ko mu 2030, ubushobozi bwo gukora hydrogen y’icyatsi kibisi mu Budage buzagera kuri 10GW kandi bugatuma igihugu kiba "uruganda rw’amashanyarazi rwa hydrogen".
Dukurikije ibyahanuwe, mu 2030, ubushyuhe bwa hydrogen mu Budage buzaba buri hejuru ya TWh 130. Ubu bushyuhe bushobora no kugera kuri TWh 600 mu 2045 niba Ubudage bushaka kuba butarangwamo imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Bityo rero, nubwo intego yo gukoresha amashanyarazi yo mu gihugu mu bijyanye n'amashanyarazi yongerewe kugera kuri 10GW mu 2030, 50% kugeza kuri 70% by'ibyifuzo bya hydrogen mu Budage bizakomeza kugerwaho binyuze mu gutumizwa mu mahanga, kandi iki kigereranyo kizakomeza kwiyongera mu myaka mike iri imbere.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, guverinoma y'Ubudage ivuga ko irimo gukora ku ngamba zitandukanye zo gutumiza imyuka ya hydrogen. Byongeye kandi, biteganijwe kubaka umuyoboro w'imiyoboro y'ingufu za hydrogen ungana na kilometero 1.800 mu Budage kuva mu 2027 kugeza 2028 binyuze mu bwubatsi bushya cyangwa kuvugurura.
“Gushora imari muri hydrogen ni ugushora imari mu hazaza hacu, mu kurengera ikirere, mu kazi ka tekiniki no mu mutekano w’ingufu,” ibi byavuzwe na Minisitiri w’Ubukungu wungirije w’Ubudage, Habeck.
Komeza gushyigikira hydrogen y'ubururu
Muri gahunda ivuguruye, guverinoma y'Ubudage irashaka kwihutisha iterambere ry'isoko rya hydrogen no "kuzamura cyane urwego rw'uruhererekane rw'agaciro kose". Kugeza ubu, inkunga ya leta yatanzwe gusa na hydrogen y'icyatsi kibisi, kandi intego iracyari "kugera ku isoko ryizewe rya hydrogen irambye kandi ishimishije mu Budage".
Uretse ingamba zo kwihutisha iterambere ry'isoko mu nzego nyinshi (gutanga imvange ihagije ya hydrogen bitarenze 2030, kubaka ibikorwa remezo bikomeye bya hydrogen n'ikoreshwa ryayo, gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushyiraho imiterere ifatika), ibyemezo bishya bireba kandi inkunga ya leta ku bwoko butandukanye bwa hydrogen.
Nubwo inkunga y’amafaranga itaziguye ku ngufu za hydrogen yatanzwe muri gahunda nshya igarukira ku gukora hydrogen y’icyatsi kibisi, ikoreshwa rya hydrogen ikomoka kuri peteroli (izwi nka hydrogen y’ubururu), imyuka ya carbon dioxide ifatwa ikabikwa, na yo ishobora guhabwa inkunga ya leta.
Nk’uko ingamba zibivuga, hydrogen iri mu yandi mabara nayo igomba gukoreshwa kugeza igihe habonetse hydrogen y’icyatsi gihagije. Mu rwego rw’amakimbirane hagati y’Uburusiya na Ukraine ndetse n’ikibazo cy’ingufu, intego y’umutekano w’ingufu zashyizwe mu bikorwa yabaye ingenzi cyane.
Hydrogen ikorwa mu mashanyarazi ashobora kongera gukoreshwa irushaho kugaragara nk'umuti ku nzego nk'inganda zikomeye n'indege zifite imyuka ihumanya cyane cyane mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Ifatwa kandi nk'uburyo bwo kongera imbaraga mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi hifashishijwe inganda za hydrogène nk'inkunga mu gihe cy'ingufu nke zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Uretse impaka ku birebana no gushyigikira ubwoko butandukanye bw'umusaruro wa hydrogen, urwego rw'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za hydrogen narwo rwabaye insanganyamatsiko y'ibiganiro. Ingamba za hydrogen zivuguruye zivuga ko ikoreshwa rya hydrogen mu bice bitandukanye bikoreshwa ritagomba kugabanywa.
Ariko, inkunga y'igihugu igomba kwibanda ku bice aho ikoreshwa rya hydrogen "rikenewe cyane cyangwa nta bundi buryo buhari". Ingamba z'igihugu z'ingufu za hydrogen mu Budage zibanda ku buryo hashobora gukoreshwa hydrogen idasanzwe. Hibandwa ku guhuza urwego n'impinduka mu nganda, ariko guverinoma y'Ubudage inashyigikira ikoreshwa rya hydrogen mu rwego rw'ubwikorezi mu gihe kizaza. hydrogen idasanzwe ifite ubushobozi bwinshi mu nganda, mu zindi nzego zigoye gukuraho karubone nko mu ndege no mu mazi, ndetse no nk'inganda zikoresha imiti.
Iyi ngamba ivuga ko kunoza imikorere myiza y’ingufu no kwihutisha kwaguka kw’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa ari ingenzi cyane kugira ngo intego z’Ubudage mu bijyanye n’ikirere zigerweho. Yanagaragaje ko gukoresha amashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa mu buryo butaziguye ari byiza mu bihe byinshi, nko mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa pompe zishyushya, kubera ko nta gihombo cyayo kinini gikoreshwa ugereranije no gukoresha hydrogen.
Ku bijyanye no gutwara abantu mu muhanda, hydrogen ishobora gukoreshwa gusa mu modoka ziremereye z’ubucuruzi, mu gihe mu gushyushya izakoreshwa "mu bihe bitandukanye cyane," nk'uko byatangajwe na guverinoma y'Ubudage.
Uku kuvugurura ingamba bigaragaza ubushake n'icyitegererezo cy'Ubudage mu guteza imbere ingufu za hydrogen. Ingamba zigaragaza neza ko mu 2030, Ubudage buzaba "ikigo gikomeye gitanga ikoranabuhanga rya hydrogen" kandi bugashyiraho urwego rw'iterambere ry'inganda z'ingufu za hydrogen ku rwego rw'i Burayi no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, nko gutanga impushya, amahame rusange n'uburyo bwo kwemeza, n'ibindi.
Impuguke mu by’ingufu z’Abadage zavuze ko ingufu za hydrogen zikiri igice kibura mu mpinduka z’ingufu ziriho ubu. Ntibikwiye kwirengagizwa ko bitanga amahirwe yo guhuza umutekano w’ingufu, kutagira aho bibogamira mu mihindagurikire y’ikirere no kunoza ipiganwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-08-2023
