Ni ubuhe bushobozi isoko rya PV rya Nigeriya rifite?
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko muri iki gihe Nigeriya ikoresha 4GW gusa yubushobozi bwashyizweho n’ibikoresho bitanga ingufu za peteroli n’ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi.Biteganijwe ko kugira ngo abaturage bayo miliyoni 200 bahabwe ingufu, igihugu gikeneye gushyiraho ingufu za 30GW.
Dukurikije ibigereranyo byakozwe n’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe kongera ingufu (IRENA), mu mpera za 2021, ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwa sisitemu y’amashanyarazi yahujwe na gride muri Nijeriya izaba 33MW gusa.Mu gihe imirasire y’amafoto y’igihugu iri hagati ya 1.5MWh / m² na 2,2MWh / m², kuki Nigeriya ikungahaye ku mashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi ariko ikaba ikibangamiwe n’ubukene bw’ingufu?Ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe kongera ingufu (IRENA) kigereranya ko mu 2050, ibikoresho bitanga ingufu z’amashanyarazi bishobora kongera ingufu za 60% by’ingufu za Nijeriya.
Kugeza ubu, 70% by'amashanyarazi ya Nijeriya atangwa n’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli, hamwe n’izindi zose ziva mu mashanyarazi.Ibigo bitanu bitanga umusaruro byiganje mu gihugu, hamwe na sosiyete yohereza abantu muri Nijeriya, isosiyete yonyine yohereza, ishinzwe guteza imbere, kubungabunga no kwagura umuyoboro w’itumanaho mu gihugu.
Isosiyete ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi muri iki gihugu yeguriwe abikorera ku giti cyabo, kandi amashanyarazi yakozwe na generator agurishwa muri sosiyete yo muri Nijeriya Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET), umucuruzi w’amashanyarazi wenyine muri iki gihugu.Isosiyete ikwirakwiza igura amashanyarazi muri generator isinya amasezerano yo kugura amashanyarazi (PPAs) ikayagurisha kubakoresha itanga amasezerano.Iyi miterere yemeza ko ibigo bitanga amashanyarazi byakira igiciro cyemewe cyamashanyarazi uko byagenda kose.Ariko hariho ibibazo by'ibanze kuri ibi byagize ingaruka no ku ifoto y’amashanyarazi mu rwego rwo kuvanga ingufu za Nijeriya.
inyungu
Nijeriya yabanje kuganira ku miyoboro ihuza amashanyarazi ashobora kongera ingufu mu 2005, igihe iki gihugu cyatangizaga gahunda ya “Icyerekezo 30:30:30”.Gahunda igamije kugera ku ntego yo gushyiraho 32GW y’amashanyarazi mu 2030, 9GW muri yo akazaturuka mu bigo bitanga ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, harimo 5GW ya sisitemu y’amashanyarazi.
Nyuma yimyaka irenga 10, abaproducer bigenga 14 bigenga amashanyarazi basinyanye amasezerano yo kugura amashanyarazi na Nigeriya Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET).Kuva icyo gihe guverinoma ya Nigeriya yashyizeho igiciro cyo kugaburira ibiryo (FIT) kugira ngo ifoto y’amashusho irusheho gushimisha abashoramari.Igishimishije, ntanimwe murimwe mishinga yambere ya PV yatewe inkunga kubera politiki idashidikanywaho no kubura ibikorwa remezo bya gride.
Ikibazo cy'ingenzi ni uko guverinoma yahinduye imisoro yari yarashyizweho mbere kugira ngo igabanye ibiciro by’ibiribwa, ivuga ko kugabanuka kwa modoka ya PV ari impamvu.Muri IPP 14 za PV mu gihugu, ebyiri gusa ni zo zemeye kugabanywa ku giciro cyo kugaburira ibiryo, mu gihe abasigaye bavuze ko igiciro cyo kugaburira cyari gito cyane ku buryo kitakirwa.
Isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’amashanyarazi yo muri Nijeriya (NBET) irasaba kandi ingwate y’igice igice, amasezerano hagati y’isosiyete nk’umushinga n’ikigo cy’imari.Icy'ingenzi, ni ingwate yo gutanga ibintu byinshi muri sosiyete yo muri Nigeriya Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET) mu gihe ikeneye amafaranga, leta isabwa guha ibigo by'imari.Hatariho iyi garanti, PV IPP ntizashobora kugera kumafaranga.Ariko kugeza ubu guverinoma yirinze gutanga ingwate, igice kubera kutizera isoko ry’amashanyarazi, ndetse n’ibigo by'imari bimwe na bimwe byahagaritse ibyifuzo byo gutanga ingwate.
Ubwanyuma, abatanga inguzanyo kutizera isoko ryamashanyarazi ya Nigeriya nabyo bituruka kubibazo byibanze kuri gride, cyane cyane muburyo bwo kwizerwa no guhinduka.Niyo mpamvu benshi mubatanga inguzanyo nabateza imbere bakeneye ingwate zo kurinda ishoramari ryabo, kandi ibikorwa remezo byinshi bya Nigeriya ntibikora neza.
Politiki ya guverinoma ya Nigeriya yifuza cyane kuri sisitemu y’amashanyarazi n’andi masoko y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu ni ishingiro ry’iterambere ry’iterambere ry’ingufu zisukuye.Imwe mu ngamba zishobora gutekerezwa ni uguhuza isoko ryo gufata ibyemezo mu kwemerera ibigo kugura amashanyarazi kubatanga amashanyarazi.Ibi ahanini bivanaho gukenera kugena ibiciro, bigafasha abadashaka kwishyura premium yo gutuza no guhinduka kubikora.Ibi na byo bivanaho byinshi mu ngwate zinguzanyo zitanga inguzanyo zikeneye gutera inkunga imishinga no kunoza imikorere.
Byongeye kandi, kuzamura ibikorwa remezo bya gride no kongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza ni urufunguzo, kugirango sisitemu nyinshi za PV zishobore guhuzwa na gride, bityo umutekano w’ingufu uzamuke.Hano, na none, amabanki yiterambere ryibihugu byinshi afite uruhare runini.Amashanyarazi y’amavuta y’ibimera yatejwe imbere kandi akomeza gukora kubera ingwate zitangwa na banki ziterambere ry’ibihugu byinshi.Niba ibi bishobora kwaguka ku isoko rya PV rigaragara muri Nijeriya, bizongera iterambere no kwemeza sisitemu ya PV.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-18-2023
