Esipanye izaba icyitegererezo cy’ingufu zibungabunga ibidukikije mu Burayi. Raporo iherutse gusohoka ya McKinsey igira iti: “Esipanye ifite umutungo kamere mwinshi n’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu guhangana cyane, ahantu nyaburanga n’ubukungu buteye imbere mu ikoranabuhanga… kugira ngo ibe intangarugero mu Burayi mu ngufu zirambye kandi zisukuye.” Raporo ivuga ko Esipanye igomba gushora imari mu bice bitatu by’ingenzi: amashanyarazi, hydrogen ibungabunga ibidukikije na biofuel.
Ugereranyije n'ibindi bice by'Uburayi, imiterere karemano ya Esipanye iha ubushobozi bwo gukora ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n'umuyaga. Ibi, hamwe n'ubushobozi busanzwe bwo gukora mu gihugu, ibidukikije byiza bya politiki hamwe n'"urusobe rukomeye rw'abaguzi ba hydrogen", bituma igihugu gitanga hydrogen nziza ku giciro gito cyane ugereranyije n'ibihugu byinshi bituranye n'abafatanyabikorwa mu bukungu. McKinsey yatangaje ko igiciro mpuzandengo cyo gukora hydrogen y'icyatsi muri Esipanye ari amayero 1.4 kuri kilo ugereranyije n'amayero 2.1 kuri kilo mu Budage. if(window.innerWidth
Aya ni amahirwe akomeye mu bukungu, tutibagiwe n'urubuga rw'ingenzi ku buyobozi bw'ikirere. Esipanye yateganyije miliyari 18 z'amayero (miliyari 19.5 z'amadolari) zo gushora imari mu gukora no gukwirakwiza hydrogen ikomoka ku binyabutabire (ijambo rusange risobanura hydrogen ikomoka ku ngufu zishobora kuvugururwa), "kugeza ubu ni yo ntego ikomeye y'Uburayi yo gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga rikenewe ku ngufu ku isi". Ni cyo gihugu cya mbere gihindura ikirere," nk'uko Bloomberg ibivuga, "umugabane udafite aho ubogamiye." "Esipanye ifite amahirwe adasanzwe yo kuba Arabiya Sawudite ya hydrogen ikomoka ku binyabutabire," nk'uko Carlos Barrasa, visi perezida w'ingufu zisukuye mu ruganda rwo muri Cepsa SA, yabitangaje.
Ariko, abanenga bavuga ko ubushobozi bw'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa budahagije kugira ngo habeho hydrogen isanzwe mu bwinshi buhagije bwo gusimbura gazi na makara mu bikomoka kuri peteroli, mu byuma bitunganya ibyuma no mu buhinzi. Byongeye kandi, ikibazo kirimo niba izi ngufu zose ziteza imbere ibidukikije ari ingirakamaro kurushaho mu zindi gahunda. Raporo nshya y'Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ingufu Zishobora kongera gukoreshwa (IRENA) iburira ku “gukoresha hydrogen mu buryo butari bwo”, isaba abashyiraho politiki gusuzuma ibyo bashyira imbere witonze no gutekereza ko ikoreshwa rya hydrogen “rishobora kuba ritajyanye n’ibisabwa n’ingufu za hydrogen.” Kugabanya carbon dioxide ku isi. Raporo ivuga ko hydrogen isanzwe “isaba ingufu zidasanzwe zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu zindi nshingano.” Mu yandi magambo, gukoresha ingufu nyinshi ziteza imbere ibidukikije mu gukora hydrogen bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko wose wo gukura carbon dioxide mu bikorwa.
Hari ikindi kibazo cy'ingenzi: Uburayi busigaye bushobora kuba butariteguye ko haboneka hydrogen ihumanya ikirere. Kubera Esipanye, hazabaho isoko, ariko se ibyo isaba bizahura nabyo? Esipanye isanzwe ifite imikoranire myinshi ya gazi n'Uburayi bw'amajyaruguru, bigatuma yohereza mu mahanga hydrogen ikomeje kwiyongera, ariko se ayo masoko yiteguye? Uburayi buracyari impaka ku byitwa "Amasezerano y'ibidukikije" ya EU, bivuze ko amahame y'ingufu n'ibipimo by'ingufu bikiri hejuru. Amatora ari kuba muri Esipanye muri Nyakanga ashobora guhindura ibidukikije bya politiki bishyigikira ikwirakwizwa rya hydrogen ihumanya ikirere, bikagora ikibazo cya politiki.
Ariko, inzego za leta n’iz’abikorera ku giti cyabo mu Burayi zisa nkaho zishyigikiye impinduka za Esipanye zikaba ihuriro ry’ingufu za hydrogen zisukuye ku mugabane. BP ni umushoramari ukomeye wa hydrogen ihumanya ikirere muri Esipanye kandi Ubuholandi buherutse gufatanya na Esipanye gufungura inzira y’inyanja ikoresha ammonia kugira ngo ifashe mu gutwara hydrogen ihumanya ikirere mu bindi bice by’umugabane.
Ariko, impuguke ziburira ko Esipanye igomba kwitonda kugira ngo idahungabanya imiyoboro y’ingufu isanzweho. “Hari urukurikirane rwumvikana,” Martin Lambert, umuyobozi w’ubushakashatsi bwa hydrogen mu kigo cya Oxford Institute for Energy Research, yabwiye Bloomberg. “Intambwe ya mbere ni ugukuraho amashanyarazi yo mu gace uko bishoboka kose, hanyuma ugakoresha ingufu zisigaye zishobora kuvugururwa.” byakorewe gukoreshwa mu gace hanyuma bigakoherezwa mu mahanga.” if(window.innerWidth
Inkuru nziza ni uko Esipanye irimo gukoresha hydrogen y’icyatsi kibisi ku bwinshi mu gace kayo, cyane cyane mu “gukuraho karuboni mu buryo bwimbitse” “bigoye gushyiramo amashanyarazi kandi bigoye gucunga inganda” nko gukora ibyuma. McKinsey Total Zero Scenario “iteganya ko muri Esipanye honyine, uretse isoko ry’i Burayi rishobora kwaguka, hydrogen izongera kwiyongera inshuro zirenga zirindwi mu 2050.” Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukuramo karuboni ku mugabane bizatera intambwe ikomeye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-07-2023
