Nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, bateri za lithiamu-ion zizagira ingaruka ku bidukikije mu gihe cyo kuzikoresha. Kugira ngo hakorwe isesengura ryimbitse ry'ingaruka ku bidukikije, hatoranyijwe bateri za lithiamu-ion, zigizwe n'ibikoresho 11 bitandukanye, nk'intego yo kwiga. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gusuzuma ubuzima n'uburyo bwo gupima uburemere bwa entropy kugira ngo harebwe umutwaro w'ibidukikije, hashyirwaho uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibipimo byinshi bushingiye ku miterere ya bateri ku bidukikije.
Iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda zitwara abagenzi1 rifite uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Muri icyo gihe, rinakoresha lisansi nyinshi, bigatera umwanda ukomeye ku bidukikije. Nk’uko IEA (2019) ibivuga, hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’imyuka ya CO2 ku isi ituruka mu rwego rw’ubwikorezi. Kugira ngo tugabanye ingufu nyinshi zikenewe n’umutwaro ukabije w’inganda zitwara abagenzi ku isi, gushyira amashanyarazi mu nganda zitwara abagenzi bifatwa nk’imwe mu ngamba z’ingenzi zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Bityo, iterambere ry’imodoka zirinda ibidukikije kandi zirambye, cyane cyane imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EVs), ryabaye amahitamo meza ku nganda zitwara abagenzi.
Guhera kuri gahunda y'imyaka itanu ya 12 (2010-2015), guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yafashe icyemezo cyo guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo ingendo zirusheho kuba nziza. Ariko, ihungabana rikomeye ry'ubukungu ryatumye ibihugu bihura n'ibibazo nk'ihungabana ry'ingufu, izamuka ry'ibiciro bya lisansi, ubushomeri bwinshi, izamuka ry'ibiciro, n'ibindi, byagize ingaruka ku mitekerereze y'abaturage, ubushobozi bw'abantu mu kugura no gufata ibyemezo bya leta. Bityo, kwemerwa no kwemerwa nabi kw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bibangamira ikoreshwa ry'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi hakiri kare ku isoko.
Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, kugurisha imodoka zikoresha lisansi byakomeje kugabanuka, kandi icyerekezo cy'ubwiyongere bw'umubare w'abatunze cyaragabanutse. Mu yandi magambo, bitewe n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko no gukangukira ku ibidukikije, kugurisha imodoka zisanzwe zikoresha lisansi byarahindutse bitandukanye no kugurisha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, kandi igipimo cy'ubwinjirire bw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kiriyongera cyane. Muri iki gihe, bateri za lithium-ion (LIB) ni zo mahitamo meza mu bijyanye n'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bitewe n'uburemere bwazo bworoshye, imikorere myiza, ingufu nyinshi n'umusaruro mwinshi w'ingufu. Byongeye kandi, bateri za lithium-ion, nk'ikoranabuhanga nyamukuru mu kubika bateri, nazo zifite ubushobozi bukomeye mu bijyanye no guteza imbere ingufu zirambye no kugabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya karuboni.
Mu gikorwa cyo kwamamaza, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi rimwe na rimwe zifatwa nk'imodoka zidafite imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ariko gukora no gukoresha bateri zazo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubushakashatsi buherutse bwibanze cyane ku nyungu z'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku bidukikije. Hari ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku byiciro bitatu byo gukora, gukoresha no guta imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, hafashwe bateri eshatu za lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) na lithium iron phosphate (LFP) zikoreshwa cyane ku isoko ry'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa nk'inyigo, kandi hakozwe isesengura ryihariye ry'izi bateri eshatu hashingiwe ku isuzuma ry'ubuzima (LCA) ry'ibyiciro byo gukora, gukoresha no kongera gukoresha bateri zikoresha. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko bateri ya lithium iron phosphate ifite imikorere myiza ku bidukikije kuruta bateri eshatu muri rusange, ariko ingufu zikoreshwa mu ikoreshwa ntabwo ari nziza nka bateri eshatu, kandi ifite agaciro ko kongera gukoresha.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-10-2023
