Nkigice cyingenzi cyibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, bateri ya lithium-ion izagira ingaruka zibidukikije mugihe cyo gukoresha icyiciro. Kusesengura rifite ingaruka zuzuye ibidukikije, amapaki ya lithium-ion, igizwe nibikoresho 11 bitandukanye, byatoranijwe nkikintu cyo kwiga. Mugushyira mubikorwa uburyo bwo gusuzuma ubuzima nubuntu bwashizwemo kugirango bugereranye ibidukikije, sisitemu yo gusuzuma urwego rwinshi ishingiye kubiranga bateri y'ibidukikije.
Gutezimbere byihuse inganda zo gutwara abantu bigira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imibereho. Mugihe kimwe, nabyo bimara ibikeshwa byinshi byamashyamba, bitera umwanda mwinshi mubidukikije. Nk'uko byatangajwe (2019), hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'umwuka w'ibyuka ku isi biva mu nzego zo gutwara abantu. Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ingufu nyinshi zisaba kandi iremereye y'ibidukikije by'inganda zitwara abantu ku isi, amashanyarazi y'inganda zitwara abantu, afatwa nk'imwe mu ngamba z'ingenzi zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya. Rero, iterambere ryibinyabiziga byangiza ibidukikije nibinyabiziga birambye, cyane cyane ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (evs), byabaye uburyo bwo gutangaza inganda zimodoka.
Guhera kuri gahunda yimyaka 12 (2010-2015), Guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yahisemo guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo isuku. Icyakora, ikibazo gikomeye cy'ubukungu gifite ibihugu byahatiwe guhagarika ibibazo nk'ibibazo by'ingufu, bidahwitse ibiciro by'ibinyabuzima, ubushomeri bukabije, n'ibindi, byagize ingaruka ku mitekerereze, n'ibindi, ubushobozi bw'abaguzi. Rero, kwemerwa no kwemerwa ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bikabuza kwemezwa hakiri kare ku isoko.
Ibinyuranye, kugurisha ibinyabiziga bikoreshwa bya lisansi byakomeje kugabanuka, kandi inzira yo gukura mumubare wa ba nyirubwite yatinze. Muyandi magambo, hamwe no kubahiriza amategeko no kuba ingoma zo gukangurira ibidukikije, kugurisha ibinyabiziga bisanzwe byahindutse bitandukanye no kugurisha ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, kandi igipimo cy'ibinyabiziga cy'amashanyarazi cyiyongera vuba. Kugeza ubu, bateri-lithium-ion ion (lib) ni amahitamo meza mu murima w'imodoka z'amashanyarazi kubera uburemere bworoshye, imikorere myiza, ingufu nyinshi zibisohoka. Byongeye kandi, bateri ya lithium-ion, nkikoranabuhanga nyamukuru rya sisitemu yo kubika bateri, nayo ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere ingufu zirambye no kugabanuka kw'akanwa ka karubone.
Muburyo bwo kuzamurwa mu ntera, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi rimwe na rimwe bifatwa nk'ibinyabiziga bihurijwe na zeru, ariko umusaruro no gukoresha bateri zabo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwibanze ku nyungu z'ibidukikije by'imodoka z'amashanyarazi. Hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku byiciro bitatu byo kubyaza umusaruro, gukoresha no kujugunya ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi byakoreshwaga muri Litiot Manganes Manganese (NCM) na bateri y'ironde (lfp) ku isoko ry'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi kandi bikora isesengura ryihariye kandi rikora isesengura ryihariye. Muri batteri eshatu zishingiye ku isuzuma ryubuzima (LCA) ryibyiciro byumusaruro, gukoresha no gutunganya bateri ya traction. Ibisubizo byerekana ko lithium fosphate ya fosithium ifite imikorere myiza yibidukikije kurenza icyiciro rusange, ariko imikorere yingufu mumiterere yicyiciro rusange ntabwo ari nziza nkikirere, kandi ifite agaciro gake.
Kohereza Igihe: Kanama-10-2023
