Nkigice cyingenzi cyimodoka zamashanyarazi, bateri ya lithium-ion izagira ingaruka kubidukikije mugihe cyo gukoresha.Kubisesengura ryuzuye ryibidukikije, paki ya lithium-ion, igizwe nibikoresho 11 bitandukanye, byatoranijwe nkibintu byo kwiga.Mugushira mubikorwa uburyo bwo gusuzuma ubuzima bwinzira hamwe nuburyo bwa entropie yuburemere bwo kugereranya umutwaro wibidukikije, sisitemu yo gusuzuma urwego rwinshi rushingiye kubiranga bateri y ibidukikije irashyirwaho.
Iterambere ryihuse ryinganda zitwara abantu1 rifite uruhare runini mugutezimbere ubukungu n'imibereho myiza.Muri icyo gihe, ikoresha kandi ibicanwa byinshi by’ibicanwa, bigatera umwanda ukabije w’ibidukikije.Nk’uko IEA (2019) ibivuga, hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi biva mu rwego rwo gutwara abantu.Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ingufu nyinshi zikenerwa n’umutwaro w’ibidukikije by’inganda zitwara abantu ku isi, amashanyarazi y’inganda zitwara abantu afatwa nkimwe mu ngamba zingenzi zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya.Rero, iterambere ryibinyabiziga bitangiza ibidukikije kandi birambye, cyane cyane ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV), byahindutse ibyiringiro byinganda zitwara ibinyabiziga.
Guhera kuri gahunda yimyaka 12 yimyaka itanu (2010-2015), leta yUbushinwa yafashe icyemezo cyo guteza imbere ikoreshwa ryimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kugirango ingendo zisukure.Icyakora, ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubukungu cyatumye ibihugu bihura n’ibibazo nk’ikibazo cy’ingufu, izamuka ry’ibiciro bya peteroli, ubushomeri bukabije, izamuka ry’ifaranga n’ibindi, byagize ingaruka ku mitekerereze y’imibereho, ubushobozi bw’umuguzi bw’abantu no gufata ibyemezo bya leta.Kubwibyo, kwakirwa no kwemerwa byimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bibuza kwakirwa hakiri kare ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kumasoko.
Ibinyuranye na byo, kugurisha ibinyabiziga bikoresha lisansi byakomeje kugabanuka, kandi iterambere ry’umubare wa ba nyir'ubwite ryaragabanutse.Mu yandi magambo, hamwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amabwiriza no gukangurira abantu kumenya ibidukikije, kugurisha ibinyabiziga bisanzwe bya peteroli byahindutse bitandukanye no kugurisha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi, kandi umuvuduko w’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi uriyongera cyane.Kugeza ubu, bateri ya lithium-ion (LIB) niyo ihitamo ryiza mubijyanye n’imodoka z’amashanyarazi bitewe nuburemere bwazo bworoshye, imikorere myiza, ubwinshi bwingufu n’umusaruro mwinshi.Byongeye kandi, bateri ya lithium-ion, nkikoranabuhanga nyamukuru rya sisitemu yo kubika bateri, nayo ifite imbaraga nyinshi mubijyanye no guteza imbere ingufu zirambye no kugabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Mubikorwa byo kuzamurwa, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi rimwe na rimwe bifatwa nkibinyabiziga bitangiza imyuka, ariko umusaruro no gukoresha bateri zabo bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubidukikije.Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubushakashatsi buherutse kwibanda cyane ku nyungu z’ibidukikije z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.Hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi mubyiciro bitatu byo gukora, gukoresha no kujugunya ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, byafashe bitatu muri lithium nikel cobalt manganese oxyde (NCM) hamwe na batiri ya lithium fer fosifate (LFP) mumasoko yimodoka yubushinwa nkuko isomo ryo kwiga kandi ryakoze isesengura ryihariye.muri izi bateri eshatu zishingiye ku isuzuma ryubuzima (LCA) ryibyiciro byo gukora, gukoresha no gutunganya bateri zikurura.Ibisubizo byerekana ko batiri ya lithium fer fosifate ifite imikorere myiza y’ibidukikije kuruta bateri eshatu mu bihe rusange, ariko ingufu zikoreshwa mu cyiciro cyo gukoresha ntabwo ari nziza nka bateri eshatu, kandi ifite agaciro keza cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-10-2023
